Balkan Wars

Consisting of two wars fought throughout 1912 and 1913, these conflicts were rooted in the Ottoman occupation of the Balkans. The first war saw Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro defeat the Ottoman Empire and gain independence. The second war began as Bulgarian resentment over the loss of Macedonia boiled over, and the nation attacked its three former allies. The war concluded with a Bulgarian defeat and the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), in which Macedonia was divided between Greece, Serbia, and Romania (which had remained neutral).